SHAYKH AHMAD BIN MUHAMMAD ZAIN AL-FATANI INTELEKTUAL HUBUNGAN DAKWAH ANTARABANGSA Shaykh Ahmad Bin Muhammad Zain Al-Fatani International Missionary Relations Intellect

Abstract

Hubungan antarabangsa antara kesultanan Tanah Melayu dengan kerajaan Uthmaniyah telah lama berlaku semenjak kurun ke-18. Namun, kaedah dan tokoh yang memainkan peranan penting dalam jaringan ini tidak dibincangkan secara tuntas. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan meneliti ketokohan seorang ulama pada kurun itu yang mencorak perhubungan tersebut iaitu Shaykh Ahmad al-Fatani. Beliau disebut oleh para sarjana sebagaipemikir Melayu yang pertama menghubungkan secara rasmi sultan-sultan di negeri-negeri Melayu dengan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyah. Artikel ini juga menganalisis bentuk dakwah dan peranan penulisannya sehingga tersebar di Nusantara khususnya di Malaysia, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia dan Kepulauan Borneo. Metode pengumpulan data adalah menerusi kaedah analisis dokumen dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa Shaykh Ahmad alFatani telah banyak menaburkan jasa dengan berdakwah, menulis, mentashih kitab dan mendidik para pelajarnya sehingga menjadi ulama yang menyebarkan Islam di rantau dunia Melayu dan Arab. Beliau dirujuk oleh para sultan kerajaan Melayu pada zamannya, di samping mempengaruhi corak pemikiran dan pemerintahan mereka dengan penulisan dan gerakan dakwah. Buku beliau telah dicetak dan disebarluaskan sehingga timbul kesedaran kepada sultan dan masyarakat Melayu tentang kepentingan perlaksanaan hukum-hukum Islam dan menentang penjajah Barat di dunia Melayu khasnya dan antarabangsa umumnya.


International relations between the Malay Sultanate with the Ottoman Empire have occurred since the 18th century, however, how the figures that played a key role in this network were not discussed thoroughly. Therefore, this article aims to examine the character of a scholar in that century who shaped the relationship, namely Shaykh Ahmad al-Fatani. The scholars believed that Shaykh Ahmad al-Fatani is the first Malay intellectuals formally linking the sultans in the Malay states with the Ottoman Empire. This article also analyses the form of da’wah and the role of its writing which spread in the archipelago, especially in Malaysia, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia and the Borneo Islands. The method of data collection is through document analysis and analysed thematically. The results demonstrated that Shaykh Ahmad al-Fatani has many devotional services with preaching, writing, verification of book and educate students to become scholars who transfer knowledge and Islam in the Malay world and the Arab region. He referred to by the sultans of the Malay kingdom in his day, in addition to influencing patterns of thought and their rule by writing and preaching movement. His books have been printed and distributed, which raised awareness to the sultan and the community about the importance of the implementation of Islamic laws and against Western colonialism in the Malay world in particular and the international public.